Has been known to man oil oil Valve was leaking to the surface since thousands of years inhabitants of Mesopotamia Astamiloaalasfelt to build and paint art and paving roads and use the ancient Egyptians in Thanitmutahm also used by American Indians and Alsnaon in the treatment of their patients and lighting their homes WAM Antdzet oil poultice commercial furthest discovery Albir in 1859 in United Bnsilvanyabalolayat mandate States.
Petroleum or crude oil has no little benefit Fayalhalh the which is extracted from underground, he needs to multiple processes Tadelfsal the Mkonatadidh him to Clamnha uses for specific purposes.
And acquires oil pollution a large Ahtamcobei and because it is visible where it is possible to see directly on Ahawattiyaoboutraiqa indirectly through watching it on television or other means of Alaalamklma there was a notable incident or exciting.
And petroleum products for Searomahitat water pollutant in the forefront in terms of pollutants serious impact imposed Ali Albeihalbharih, the man that he became known for oil contaminant name of the Black Death.
Oil caused the pollution of the marine environment in several ways, there flowing Moadalpetroulih the sea water and the ocean as a result of accidents and oil tankers still Hadthalnaqlh the Torrey canyon and sank near the south-western BeachesBritain Mthalahvi the mind.
There are also daily operations of the leakage of grade and refineries Almqamhali the Beaches and petrochemical industries and oil wells Beaches and seeps night a sea water during drilling operations and orderlies in the bottom of the sea oil extraction.
And Kdzart problem of marine pollution oil of course with the great development that has occurred Viaadin oil and transported across the seas and Alehitat and processes refined and industry and Zayadhakabarh in the use of lubricants and enough to recall that the total production Global Manalpetrol in the early twentieth century was not to exceed 20 million tonnes per annum and then jumped after Zlkala 2549 tons in 1972 as the maritime transport of oil and its derivatives has been growing a great Anyan Joomla oil transported amounted to about 700 million tons in 1976, but that the oil Asubhalan represents the most important goods transported across the seas and so represents only about half the size Alkleilnakl sea.
Estimates vary on the amount of marine pollutants discharged or Tsbsnuya to the seas and oceans
But can we rely on one estimates Tdahapma by between 5_10 million tons.
It is clear from this over sheer Mabarv to sea Snuyamn the petroleum pollutants and no doubt, it represents a major threat to the marine environment and Alansançoa directly or indirectly
Oil pollution
The seas and oceans major natural wealth in Hyahalepeshria particular it covers more than two-thirds of the Earth’s surface almost, where Onlha the different uses are many and varied including traditional uses such as energy production Alogvehomassadr.
Oil is one of the most important sources of energy used on Almistoyalaalmi in the present time, in addition to entry in many industries Alaptrrukemaaúahouma increasing global need for oil drilling operations increased him, whether on land or in sea areas has also increased the movement of raw materials from places production to Moaqaalasthlak.
The oil pollution of sea water is one of the most serious and the most common contaminants, and related problems have emerged since its discovery and spread through all phases of, production, Alngulwaltkirr and manufacturing, warehousing, marketing and even disposal of used products.
Resulted in the continuous increase in each of these activities to the emergence of increasing amounts Manalmilothat oil-water beaches, seas and oceans has been proven that water Seaaaromahitat targeting pollution several million tons of oil every year, especially since Mazmalmassana and refineries, petrochemical built along the beaches which is threatening and Andhirbmchakl serious environmental may affect the ecological balance of the sea and land alike. difficult to control marine pollution or prevent its spread as it is the risk of floating and moving controls Fahatjah wind factors and the tides and the intensity of the waves and thus difficult to control as well as Vanmellothat area, moving after a period to other areas either directly or through indirectly Antriv of contaminated fish.
In the Arab world become a pollution problem beaches and Seaarktara huge threat to human activity and economic irks interested in the affairs of the environment where more than half the Arab population living along the coastal and marine areas are so Iatmdongly sea water in the fields of tourism and summer and desalination of sea water due to the scarcity Almiahalazbh In addition to using the sea as a food source and extraction of minerals, though Seaaralamtal the Arab world (the Mediterranean, Red Sea, Arabian Gulf) are Mnakther seas polluted because they sailor almost closed as the water is not replenished only Badhawwala a hundred years or more in addition to the density of traffic and the use of these Seaarkmistodat of pollutants such as trash water and sanitation.
Look at the oil components:
Petroleum products can be divided into several groups depending on Tercebhaalkimaaúa: -
Paraffin compounds:
They Mhbahkulailh activity hydrocarbons such as methane and propane and Petain in a greenhouse in temperature Adahoma the large molecules are paraffins waxy solid materials such as paraffin wax.
Compounds:
Where there are two types of these vehicles:
* Naphthenes: an acyclic saturated hydrocarbons Examples include annular pentane (5 carbon atoms) and cyclohexane (6 carbon atoms) are liquids at normal temperature.
* Aromatic compounds (aromatic): It acyclic hydrocarbons no bilateral Bharwabt and characterized by aromatic Recipes that distinguish them from the elements and then used Vsalhave petrochemical industries to prepare a large number of materials and Examples of these Antrbatallbenzin (Alpes descent) and naphthalene.
Vehicles Alawlevinah:
It Moadehedrokrboneh are configured unsaturated chemical manufacturing processes and characterized these chemical Antrbatbnchatha and thus are of particular importance in the petrochemical industry and Omthelthaalathelen and propylene and Albiotilin.
Other Vehicles:
Some Onoaalnaft contain compounds other than the types of hydrocarbons which may contain fractions Alydhirat or other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur which is usually not more than 5% crude Mnozn also contain some metals Kalnichael or Alvanadiom low concentrations
Pollution and residues of petroleum products
What is pollution:
Pollution in the simplest definitions, is the launch of the elements or compounds or mixtures of gaseous, liquid o
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