Accompanies oil during leaving the Albirgazat the salts, water and mechanical impurities “Sand and clay”, and therefore must be separated these things Dziiavi the field, and then totally in the refinery.
The gases are separated associated in Hakolalbtrul in the special devices “fisheries”, then you pay to a gasoline unit to separate the light capacitors, which are often associated with the gases, which are separated Intensification and called “Gazolinatabiei”. Then pushes raw then to deposition warehouses, where Ahawaibalmikanekih is separated by sedimentation. After this is done remove salts from oil by washing fresh Alomlahbalme, then take away the water after that of oil. Petroleum and handling containing Nsphkberh than salts by 10 – 15% of the water two or three times. And separates water Manalpetrol in the sometimes relatively easily. But it is often difficult fixed Maalpetrol the emulsions chapter, especially during pumping operations and transport in pipes very quickly Mmisab the get rid of it.
A. Preparation of Petroleum Refining
(1) the expulsion of gases and install oil Fayalhakol
The gas Issahbalbtrul the while coming out of the well, must be separated from the oil. This is done Chapter in Hakolalbtrul in the special devices “fisheries”, and that by reducing the speed of movement of a mixture of oil and gas. The gas separation method is used at several stages in the case of a high pressure in the well.
But just not enough gas separation of oil, since leaving after the season many Alktefat of light Altikd evaporate during storage in warehouses and pour the oil in the tanks … Etc.. Therefore Vmanalmsthassan install in the oil fields, especially if the oil extracted contains Many of the the Alktefat light, to be transported long distances.
Oil boils down to install in light Vslalktefat and dissolved gases from crude. The direction for this purpose Alktefatalkhvifah fumes and gas after passing through the condenser to the gas separator gas separator, where separates Algazhoydf the pump to the gas network or to gas processing plants. And directs Almthbtely oil refining factories
Ahina gas separator used as the first water separator and called in Hzhalhalh 3phase separator (see figure)
(2) dewatering and salts Manalpetrol the
The water and mechanical impurities “salt, sand and mud,” always accompany oil during extraction. And separates water Manalpetrol in some cases, relatively easily, but it is stable emulsions with of Petroleum Vealbed other.
The oil must undergo who gets it in the image of emulsion, to Maaljhkhash the relatively complex to be separated from the water and mechanical impurities, as oil refining Zuhawaib held operation of industrial units to a large extent. For example, if you preheat the Petroleum containing mechanical Alyhoaúb in the heat exchanger, these impurities are deposited on the surface of the heating; which Aadaely reduce the adequacy of the heat exchanger, and during the passage of the oil in the pipe at high speeds Akonellgesemat solid abrasives effect, ie they rub in Vtpeleta devices prematurely. And leads the survival of mechanical impurities in petroleum residue after distillation, to reduce Godhhzh residues and increasing the percentage of ash (boiler fuel and coke), and to non Amkanehalhsol a nonconforming products.
And strongly water evaporates inside with Oil heating Faojhzh, the volume rises dramatically increased, leading to the lifting pressure in Alojhzhwalakhalal of the technical operating rates of the unit. It contains water located in petroleum Alykamih, the wide range of salts.
It Mmasbak clear that after the oil obtained from wells, must be subject to the preparatory treatment to Toverdrjh the purity required.
(3) Almsthlbatalbtrulah the
There are two types of petroleum emulsions: “Water in the oil”, Emulsions Oedrovobah-the hydorphobic, and “oil in the water,” Emulsions Yderofelih-hydrophilic.
The first type emulsions more prevalent second Manalnoa. In the first type emulsions there is water in the image of the amount of oil to countless of the micro-drops. As in Emulsions second type Vicualpetrol the-in the image of single droplets suspended in water.
The main process configure the following Almsthlebattfa: the boundary between asking not mixed with each other, and one dispersant in Alakhraly of the image very small particles, accumulate a third material necessary to form an emulsion and emulsion Tzmybaml or Sticky emulsion. The dissolves emulsion Working in one questioners Mkonama the like membrane. This obscures the membrane material dispersed droplets and prevents integration. And emulsified Hzhalawaml in oil is resins, Alosfeltinat and soap acid Alinvthehwalomlah. In addition to the articles mentioned, different solid impurities affect separated Faahd the eccentric on the stability of the emulsion.
And emulsified factors either Oadrofelah Ooaedrovobah. The asphalt resins and amino Alinvtheh found Vealbtrul natural compounds and emulsified Oedrovobah factors. The soaps Alsodiomahualbōtaseyoumah which consist mainly of interaction amino Alinvtheh found in oil
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